Towards an interpretation of article 20 of the ICCPR: Thresholds for the prohibition of incitement to hatred (Work in Progress)

In 2011 the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights organized expert workshops on the prohibition of incitement to national, racial or religious hatred. This paper, prepared by  Barbora Bukovska, Agnes Callamard and Sejal Parrmer for the workshop, "offers a brief comparative approach to forms of expression that are considered to be “incitement” under national law and by regional human rights systems, notably the European human rights system. This paper will then propose a threshold for expression that meets the criteria of Article 20 of the ICCPR."